McMillan Space Centre: Newton’s Third Law of Motion.Great companion to the Veritasium video directly above. The video can be viewed in Quicktime for frame-by-frame viewing, or on YouTube. Direct measurement videos are short, very high-quality clips of real events that allow students to integrate video analysis tools to explore physical phenomena in an introductory mechanics course. It was prepared by veteran high school teacher Peter Bohacek and is part of the SERC Direct Measurement Video Library. This short clip, appropriate for video analysis, shows a person on a water-powered jetpack. It’s simpler than a jet engine, but clearly shows the action/reaction resulting from the high-speed expulsion of water. We like this resource because it’s a great way to visualize Newton’s Third Law. That’s roughly equivalent to 150 fire extinguishers. Instead, water is pumped out of the lake by the jetski at about 60 liters/second, then fired out the nozzles at 15 m/s, creating 1800N of force. It works on the same principle as a spacecraft being launched, but you don’t use rocket propellant to provide the thrust. One final factor is that the player keeps pushing on the bat during the hit, so although the ball pushes on the bat equal and opposite to the bat pushing on the ball, there is additional force on the bat that tends to counteract the ball pushing on the bat.This short video by physicist Derek Muller explores the physics behind jetpack rockets. If you were to watch the collision from a car moving at v = +35m/s, you would see the bat initially at rest and finally moving at -15 m/s, so you would see it "moving away" from the collision. You can see that the Δv for the bat = 20 - 35 = -15m/s, while Δv for the ball = 70 -35 = +105m/s, which is 7 times as big as the Δv for the bat. Thus, the bat is only slowed down, while the ball is turned completely around. The Second factor is that the bat is already moving with a fairly high speed, and so its momentum is much greater than the momentum of the ball, at least in the frame of reference of the spectators. Thus, since the Δt is the same for both, and the acceleration of the ball is 7 times bigger, the Δv of the ball will be 7 times bigger. We know that the average acceleration is given by a = Δv/Δt, which tells us that Δv = a * Δt. So, from F = ma, this tells us that a = F/m, and so the acceleration of the ball will be about 7 times the acceleration of the bat. 145kg, while a bat has a mass of about 1.0 kg. There are two factors to consider.įirst, the masses are different. The reaction to her push is thus in the desired direction. Note that the swimmer pushes in the direction opposite to that in which she wishes to move. If we select the swimmer to be the system of interest, as in the image below, then F wall on feet F_ F wall on feet F, start subscript, start text, w, a, l, l, space, o, n, space, f, e, e, t, end text, end subscript. In this case, there are two systems that we could investigate: the swimmer or the wall. You might think that two equal and opposite forces would cancel, but they do not because they act on different systems. The wall has exerted an equal and opposite force back on the swimmer. The swimmer pushes against the pool wall with her feet and accelerates in the direction opposite to that of her push.
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